Advanced flying research laboratories may not look
sensational, but the results they may achieve could be
phenomenal. Here's an example of a flying research laboratory,
HIAPER (High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for
Environmental Research):

HIAPER can fly at an altitude of
51,000 feet and has a range of 7,000 miles. It can carry 5,600
pounds of sensors. The combination of range, duration,
high-altitude capability, and payload capacity place it in the
top rank of U.S. research aircraft. A modified Gulfstream V
jet, HIAPER is owned by the National Science Foundation and
operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. This
is, though it doesn't look it, an advanced plane.

NASA's S-3 Viking, above, is a state-of-the-art test
aircraft. It's communication, navigation and surveillance
equipment was replaced or enhanced to provide increased
compatibility with current and future airspace requirements
both domestically and internationally. With the addition of
state-of-the-art global positioning systems, satellite
communications and commercial weather radar, NASA
can deploy the S-3 worldwide in support of research
missions.
In addition, research equipment racks were installed internally
in what was one of the S-3's bomb bays. The recent
modifications to the S-3 have made it a world class test
facility, and allows NASA to delve into flight
regimes that had previously been inaccessible to them.
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